Perspectives sur les besoins en compétences pour les usages de l’IA dans l’industrie 4.0 au Québec
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1522/radm.no9.2035Mots-clés :
Synthèse des connaissances, industrie 4.0, intelligence articifielle, usages actuels, compétencesRésumé
Au fil des dernières années, l’utilisation de l’IA dans le monde du travail s’est considérablement répandue. Or, une fracture numérique semble se dessiner, particulièrement au Québec, tel que soulevé par plusieurs rapports concernant l’intégration de l’IA au sein de secteurs d’activité économique critiques à la transformation numérique québécoise, publiés par le ministère de l’Économie, de l’Innovation et de l’Énergie. Dans ce contexte, il paraît essentiel de déterminer la nature précise des technologies d’IA réellement intégrées dans ces secteurs, mais également les besoins en compétences issus de ces technologies et les implications pour la formation du personnel. L’objectif de cet article est de recenser les usages actuels de l’IA au sein de secteurs d’activité critiques à l’intégration de l’IA, définis par le gouvernement du Québec en 2024, et de soulever les compétences attendues et les besoins en formation pour le personnel professionnel de ces secteurs. Par le biais d’une recension narrative, différents usages de l’IA employés dans les secteurs manufacturier, du commerce de détail, du transport et de l’entreposage ainsi que des services professionnels, sont présentés. Ensuite, une analyse émergente identifie plusieurs compétences numériques, personnelles, méthodologiques et interpersonnelles relatives aux usages décrits dans chaque secteur d’activité économique. Les besoins en termes d’encadrement de la formation pour ces secteurs d’activité québécois sont enfin soulevés. Cet article permet de brosser un portrait à jour des usages effectifs de l’IA dans les secteurs susmentionnés et d’identifier des compétences critiques et orientations pour les besoins en formation dont l’industrie 4.0 québécoise pourra profiter.
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