Le mentorat dans un contexte de départ massif à la retraite dans le secteur public : une réponse à la perte des connaissances tacites managériales
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1522/radm.no7.1660Mots-clés :
Mentorat, partage des connaissances tacites, compétences managériales, changement dans le secteur public, transfert intergénérationnelRésumé
Le secteur public québécois évolue dans un contexte de changement avec des départs massifs à la retraite des gestionnaires de la génération des baby-boomers. Ces départs posent un problème de perte des connaissances tacites managériales essentielles à la performance des ministères et organismes et à la qualité des services rendus aux citoyens. Cette recherche explore comment le mentorat peut agir comme mécanisme de partage des connaissances tacites managériales en contexte de changement entre les gestionnaires expérimentés et ceux des générations X et Y en investiguant les types de connaissances managériales partagées et acquises, de même que les conditions et mécanismes les favorisant. En adoptant une approche qualitative auprès de 52 mentorés et 11 mentors qui participent à un programme de mentorat gouvernemental, cette recherche montre que les connaissances tacites transférées aux jeunes gestionnaires par les mentors concernent l’environnement de la fonction publique, la gestion et la perception de soi comme gestionnaire. De plus, les résultats montrent que pour que le partage des connaissances tacites managériales soit effectif, la relation mentorale doit être structurée et souple et que les deux acteurs de la dyade aient recours à des mécanismes, tels que la déduction et l’induction, la simulation, l’observation, l’accompagnement et la mise en application des connaissances reçues suivie d’une rétroaction. Ainsi, cette recherche propose un cadre de partage des connaissances tacites managériales favorisant le développement accéléré des compétences des jeunes gestionnaires. En identifiant les conditions et mécanismes privilégiant leur partage, elle offre aux responsables organisationnels une démarche d’implantation de programmes de mentorat à partir de laquelle ils pourront s’inspirer.
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