La capacité à changer du destinataire : une revue systématique
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1522/radm.no7.1656Mots-clés :
Capacité à changer, adaptation au changement, réactions du destinataire, revue systématique de la littératureRésumé
Les changements constituent le modus operandi des organisations contemporaines. Dans plusieurs organisations, ils sont constants, rapides et se chevauchent créant ainsi une saturation du changement. Dans un tel contexte, la conduite du changement devient particulièrement complexe. L’une des principales difficultés est reliée aux destinataires, qui pourraient avoir de la difficulté à faire face aux changements. Il devient essentiel pour les gestionnaires de comprendre comment les destinataires s’adaptent au changement pour mieux le réussir. L’amélioration de la capacité à changer des destinataires (CCD) pourrait constituer une clé lors de la conduite du changement. Cela dit, la CCD peut référer à différentes réalités, si bien que ses dimensions et les leviers pouvant la promouvoir restent confus. Cette étude a pour objectif de clarifier la CCD et d’identifier les leviers utilisés pour la promouvoir. Ainsi, une recension systématique de la littérature sur la CCD a été réalisée dans les bases de données suivantes : ABI/INFORM, APA PsycInfo et Business Source Complete. Les 69 articles retenus ont permis de générer une carte conceptuelle clarifiant trois dimensions de la capacité à changer : l’ouverture au changement (OC), l’engagement envers le changement (EC) et le soutien comportemental au changement (SCC). Ces dernières représenteraient un continuum de l’évolution de réactions positives du destinataire au changement. Trois leviers utilisés pour les promouvoir (informations et communication, soutien et participation) ont aussi été aussi identifiés. Les leviers à privilégier évolueraient tout au long du continuum de la CCD.
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