Laboratoires vivants en milieu rural : quels sont les vecteurs d’influence liés à la ruralité?
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1522/revueot.v35n2.2208Mots-clés :
Laboratoire vivant, recherche participative, territorialité, intersectorialité, pérennisation, développement rural durableRésumé
Cet article vise à clarifier les contours du concept de laboratoire vivant (ou living lab) en milieu rural. Mobilisant une méthodologie combinant étude de la portée et revue rapide des données probantes, l’étude propose une synthèse critique de 67 articles publiés depuis 2005. Les résultats montrent que, malgré un intérêt croissant pour ces laboratoires vivants, leur caractérisation demeure difficile en raison de la pluralité rurale et du caractère flexible du concept. Plusieurs enjeux récurrents émergent : conciliation de logiques d’action hétérogènes, pérennisation des dispositifs, mobilisation des acteurs et percolation des rapports de pouvoir. La réflexivité des chercheurs dans les démarches participatives s’avère importante, notamment en contexte rural. Enfin, l’identification de bonnes pratiques de déploiement révèle que leur mise en œuvre dépend largement de facteurs structurels et institutionnels. L’étude conclut sur la nécessité de poursuivre les recherches afin de mieux cerner la spécificité des laboratoires vivants ruraux et de développer des outils d’évaluation sensibles à leurs processus et contextes territoriaux.
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