Hommes et femmes inégaux devant l’entrepreneuriat : clivage de genre dans l’incubation de l’intention entrepreneuriale
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.1522/revueot.v33n2.1799Mots-clés :
Intention entrepreneuriale, femmes, hommes, clivage, entrepreneuriatRésumé
Cet article tente de montrer que l’inégalité de genre existe dans la formation des personnes ayant une intention entrepreneuriale avant le passage vers l’entrepreneuriat. Nous faisons une enquête auprès de 229 étudiants et de 211 étudiantes de Licence 1, 2, 3 et de Master en gestion de grandes écoles au Gabon. Les données proviennent d’un questionnaire qui leur a été soumis. Nous adoptons une méthodologie quantitative avec une logique hypothético-déductive. Nous mobilisons une modélisation par équations structurelles multi-groupes de l’intention entrepreneuriale. Les résultats indiquent que les femmes présentent une intention entrepreneuriale supérieure à celle des hommes en amont du passage vers l’entrepreneuriat. Les prédispositions féminines dominent celles des hommes, notamment l’attitude, la détermination, les normes sociales perçues, l’exposition à l’entrepreneuriat/l’expérience entrepreneuriale et l’auto-efficacité perçue. Ces déterminants évoluent plus chez les femmes que chez les hommes, sauf les normes sociales perçues. Les déterminants déclencheurs de l’acte entrepreneurial dominent chez les femmes, sauf l’attitude et les normes sociales perçues, qui sont égales.
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